Sigma is a symbol meaning how much deviation exists in a set of data. It is sometimes called a “bell curve.” In statistics, this is called a standard normal distribution, but the idea is the same. In a bell curve, 50% of the values lie above the mean (average) and 50% of the values lie below the mean.
All to often businesses base their performance on an average and average-based measures of the recent past. However, customers don’t judge businesses on averages; they feel the variance in each and every transaction. Customers value consistent, predictable business processes and products that deliver world-class levels of quality. Six Sigma focuses first on reducing variation and then on improving process capability.